Class-12 Biology Ch-15 Biodiversity and Conservation MCQs Exam 2027

Topic 1: Ecosystem (Structure, Function, and Energy Flow)

1. The flow of energy in a food chain of an ecosystem is: [2021A]

(A) Unidirectional

(B) Bidirectional

(C) Multidirectional

(D) None of these

2. The pyramid of ‘Biomass’ in a pond ecosystem is: [2022A]

(A) Upright

(B) Inverted

(C) Horizontal

(D) None of these

3. The pyramid of energy in an ecosystem is always: [2021A]

(A) Upright

(B) Inverted

(C) Oblique

(D) None of these

4. The main source of energy in an ecosystem is: [2022A]

(A) Sunlight

(B) Green plants

(C) ATP

(D) None of these

5. Green plants in an ecosystem are: [2016A]

(A) Producers

(B) Consumers

(C) Decomposers

(D) None of these

6. Who proposed the 10% law of energy flow in a food chain? [2017A]

(A) Lindemann

(B) Odum

(C) Darwin

(D) Tansley

7. Secondary productivity is related to: [2018A]

(A) Herbivores

(B) Producers

(C) Carnivores

(D) None of these

8. Decomposers in an ecosystem are: [2022A]

(A) Animals

(B) Fungi and Bacteria

(C) Green plants

(D) Those who use solar energy only

9. Decomposers are: [2020A]

(A) Autotrophs

(B) Organotrophs

(C) Heterotrophs

(D) None of these

10. Which of the following is the correct sequence of a ‘Food Chain’? [2020A]

(A) Grass, Wheat, and Mango

(B) Grass, Goat, and Lion

(C) Goat, Cow, and Elephant

(D) Grass, Fish, and Goat

11. Climax community is found in which area? [2022A]

(A) Balanced area

(B) Transition area

(C) Bare land

(D) None of these

12. What percentage of photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR) is captured by plants? [2026]

(A) 50%

(B) 2-10%

(C) 10%

(D) 20%

13. What is the raw material for decomposition called? [2026]

(A) Humus

(B) Inorganic substance

(C) Detritus

(D) Organic substance

14. What are secondary consumers called? [2026]

(A) Herbivores

(B) Primary carnivores

(C) Secondary carnivores

(D) Consumers

15. What are those called which obtain energy and nutrition from dead organic matter? [2026]

(A) Saprotrophs

(B) Heterotrophs

(C) Detritivores

(D) Parasite

16. Which of the following is not a primary consumer of an ecosystem? [2026]

(A) Zooplankton

(B) Cow

(C) Grasshopper

(D) Wolf

17. Where does Secondary Succession take place? [2026]

(A) On bare rock

(B) In a newly formed reservoir

(C) In deforested/abandoned lands

(D) None of these

18. What are the two main units of an ecosystem? [2026]

(A) Organisms and Animals

(B) Grass and Trees

(C) Biotic and Abiotic

(D) None of these

19. The interrelationship between all organisms and the environment at a place is called: [2026]

(A) Population

(B) Community

(C) Ecosystem

(D) Biome

20. Which of the following is a primary producer? [2026]

(A) Grass

(B) Goat

(C) Lion

(D) Fungi

21. The pyramid of energy is always: [2026]

(A) Inverted

(B) Upright

(C) Zig-zag

(D) None of these

22. Which of the following pyramids can never be inverted? [2026]

(A) Pyramid of number

(B) Pyramid of biomass

(C) Pyramid of energy

(D) All of these

23. What is the position of a Lion in an ecosystem? [2026]

(A) Producer

(B) Primary consumer

(C) Top Carnivore

(D) Decomposer

24. In what form is energy lost in an ecosystem? [2026]

(A) Light energy

(B) Heat energy

(C) Chemical energy

(D) Electrical energy

25. Who coined the term ‘Ecology’? [2026]

(A) Haeckel

(B) Odum

(C) Mishra

(D) Reiter

Topic 2: Biodiversity & Conservation

26. According to Robert May, what is the global species diversity? [2024A]

(A) 7 million

(B) 1.5 million

(C) 20-25 million

(D) 2 million

27. India’s biodiversity is what percentage of the world’s total biodiversity? [2024A]

(A) 2.4%

(B) 8.1%

(C) 5%

(D) 9%

28. Who prepares the ‘Red Data Book’? [2021A]

(A) IUCN

(B) WHO

(C) UNESCO

(D) UNICEF

29. Species listed in the ‘Red Data Book’ are: [2022A]

(A) Vulnerable

(B) Threatened

(C) Endangered

(D) All of these

30. An example of Ex-situ conservation is: [2023A]

(A) Seed Bank

(B) National Park

(C) Sacred Grove

(D) Wildlife Sanctuary

31. Which of the following is not an example of In-situ conservation? [2024A]

(A) National Park

(B) Wildlife Sanctuary

(C) Zoological Park (Zoo)

(D) Biosphere Reserve

32. What is the total number of ‘Biodiversity Hot spots’ in the world? [2022A]

(A) 25

(B) 34

(C) 40

(D) 15

33. Which is a Biodiversity Hotspot?

(A) Aravalli

(B) Eastern Ghats

(C) Western Ghats

(D) Indo-Gangetic Plains

34. Where is Sundarban National Park located? [2020A]

(A) Odisha

(B) Bihar

(C) West Bengal

(D) Assam

35. Kanha National Park is famous for: [2018A]

(A) Birds

(B) Tigers

(C) Rhinoceros

(D) Crocodiles

36. Gir Sanctuary is famous for: [2016A]

(A) Tigers

(B) Lions

(C) Elephants

(D) Birds

37. Kaziranga National Park is famous for: [2018A]

(A) Birds

(B) One-horned Rhinoceros

(C) Tigers

(D) Elephants

38. Rhinoceros Sanctuary is located in which state? [2021A]

(A) Assam

(B) West Bengal

(C) Uttar Pradesh

(D) Bihar

39. Hoolock Gibbon is found in: [2022A]

(A) Gir National Park

(B) Hazaribagh National Park

(C) Corbett National Park

(D) Kaziranga National Park

40. Manas Sanctuary is located in: [2023A]

(A) Assam

(B) Bihar

(C) Gujarat

(D) Rajasthan

41. Chipko movement is related to: [2016A]

(A) Planting trees

(B) Preventing deforestation

(C) Animal conservation

(D) Water conservation

42. When was the Wildlife Protection Act introduced? [2021A]

(A) 1972

(B) 1981

(C) 1986

(D) 1991

43. The organization that declares the ‘Red Data Books’ is:

(A) IUCN

(B) CITES

(C) WWF

(D) IBWL

44. Jim Corbett National Park is located in:

(A) Uttarakhand

(B) U.P.

(C) Haryana

(D) M.P.

45. The first National Park of India is:

(A) Kanha

(B) Periyar

(C) Corbett

(D) Bandipur

46. The logo of WWF-N is:

(A) Red Panda

(B) Giant Panda

(C) Polar Bear

(D) Tiger

47. When was the Biodiversity Act passed by the Indian Parliament?

(A) 1992

(B) 1996

(C) 2000

(D) 2002

48. Biodiversity within a species is called:

(A) Species diversity

(B) Alpha diversity

(C) Genetic diversity

(D) Speciation

49. Which of the following countries has the highest biodiversity?

(A) Brazil

(B) South Africa

(C) Russia

(D) India

50. Core, Buffer, and Manipulation zones are found in:

(A) National Park

(B) Biosphere Reserve

(C) Sanctuary

(D) Tiger Project

51. Which is called the “Lungs of the earth”? [2026]

(A) Forest

(B) Temperate region

(C) Amazon rainforest

(D) Tropical Savannah

52. Which species became extinct due to Over-exploitation? [2026]

(A) Passenger pigeon

(B) Giant Panda

(C) Nile Perch

(D) 200 species of cichlid fish

53. Deriving direct economic benefits from nature is which type of argument for conservation? [2026]

(A) Narrowly utilitarian

(B) Broadly utilitarian

(C) Ethical

(D) All of these

54. How many mega-biodiversity countries are there in the world? [2026]

(A) 25

(B) 34

(C) 14

(D) 17

55. Which region got a shorter time for species diversification due to frequent glaciation? [2026]

(A) Temperate region

(B) Tropical region

(C) Polar region

(D) Glaciation occurred in all regions

56. Which of the following is an endangered plant species in India?

(A) Rauwolfia

(B) Santalum (Sandalwood)

(C) Cycas beddomei

(D) All of these

57. Bandipur site in Karnataka is famous for:

(A) Elephants

(B) Hangul

(C) Cheetahs

(D) A and C both

58. The National Bird of India is:

(A) Pavo cristatus

(B) Flamingo

(C) Columba livia

(D) Psittacula

59. How many biogeographical zones are there in India?

(A) 10

(B) 13

(C) 4

(D) 5

60. Ghana Bird Sanctuary is located in:

(A) Uttar Pradesh

(B) Rajasthan

(C) Haryana

(D) Bihar

61. Dudhwa National Park is located in:

(A) Lakhimpur Kheri

(B) Mathura

(C) Nainital

(D) Kashi

62. In a National Park, protection is provided to: [2021A]

(A) Flora

(B) Fauna

(C) Ecosystem

(D) Both (A) and (B)

63. The ‘Rhino Conservation’ project is being run in which National Park? [2024A]

(A) Kaziranga

(B) Ranthambore

(C) Gir

(D) Jim Corbett

64. What is the Dodo? [2026]

(A) Extinct species

(B) Endangered species

(C) Rare species

(D) None of these

65. When is ‘World Biodiversity Day’ celebrated? [2026]

(A) 22 May

(B) 5 June

(C) 21 March

(D) 16 September

66. What is the symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots of higher plants called? [2026]

(A) Lichen

(B) Mycorrhiza

(C) Commensalism

(D) None of these

67. Which of the following is the National Aquatic Animal of India? [2026]

(A) River Dolphin (Gangetic Dolphin)

(B) Seahorse

(C) Blue Whale

(D) None of these

68. When was ‘Project Tiger’ launched? [2026]

(A) 1973

(B) 1980

(C) 1986

(D) 1992

69. In which year was the ‘Tiger Project’ started? [2026]

(A) 1973

(B) 1986

(C) 1972

(D) 1975

70. Where was the first Earth Summit for biodiversity conservation held? [2026]

(A) Rio de Janeiro

(B) Johannesburg

(C) New York

(D) Paris

71. The highest Biodiversity range in any Latitudinal zone is:

(A) $23.5^{\circ}N$ to $23.5^{\circ}S$

(B) $66.5^{\circ}N$ to $66.5^{\circ}S$

(C) $23.5^{\circ}N$ to $66.5^{\circ}S$

(D) $33^{\circ}N$ to $33^{\circ}S$

72. The diversity of habitats over the entire geographical area is:

(A) Gamma diversity

(B) Beta diversity

(C) Omega diversity

(D) Delta diversity

73. The main reason for the decline in biodiversity in a tropical region is:

(A) Urbanization

(B) Pollution

(C) Deforestation

(D) Soil erosion

74. Wildlife is protected:

(A) In-situ

(B) Ex-situ

(C) Both A and B

(D) Selective hunting by hunters

75. Which of the following is an endangered species? [2020A]

(A) Cuscuta

(B) Lantana

(C) Nepenthes

(D) All of these

Topic 3: Organisms & Populations (Adaptation and Interaction)

76. Lichen is an indicator of: [2017A, 2021A]

(A) $CO_2$ pollution

(B) $SO_2$ pollution

(C) $CO$ pollution

(D) Water pollution

77. Who is the indicator of air pollution? [2021A]

(A) Algae

(B) Fungi

(C) Lichen

(D) All of these

78. Where are stomata located in submerged plants? [2022A]

(A) On both surfaces

(B) Not on any surface

(C) On the upper surface

(D) On the lower surface

79. Which of the following features is found in Xerophytic plants? [2023A]

(A) Sunken Stomata

(B) Succulent stem

(C) Thick Cuticle

(D) All of these

80. In desert plants, stomata are: [2026]

(A) Large

(B) Sunken

(C) On the surface

(D) Absent

81. In desert plants, leaves are modified into: [2026]

(A) Spines

(B) Branches

(C) Stem

(D) Roots

82. An example of Desert Adaptation is: [2026]

(A) Cactus

(B) Lotus

(C) Cuscuta

(D) Trapa

83. Which method is used to measure Population Density? [2026]

(A) Biomass

(B) Number

(C) Percent cover

(D) All of these

84. Interaction between two different species is called: [2026]

(A) Interspecific interaction

(B) Intraspecific interaction

(C) Competition

(D) Predation

85. Lichen is an example of: [2026]

(A) Mutualism

(B) Commensalism

(C) Parasitism

(D) Predation

86. Which of the following is the pollinating agent of Ophrys? [2026]

(A) Wasp

(B) Humming bird

(C) A species of bee

(D) Bat

87. Which of the following processes decreases population density? [2026]

(A) Immigration

(B) Death

(C) Emigration

(D) Both (B) and (C)

88. What was used to control the cactus introduced in Australia? [2026]

(A) Moth

(B) Calotropis

(C) Phytophagous insects

(D) Virus

89. Lichen is a symbiosis between which two organisms? [2026]

(A) Fungi and Bacteria

(B) Algae and Fungi

(C) Algae and Bacteria

(D) Fungi and Virus

90. What is Antelope cervicapra? [2022A]

(A) Vulnerable species

(B) Endangered species

(C) Extinct species

(D) Critically endangered species

91. Which of the following has the highest genetic diversity in India? [2020A]

(A) Wheat

(B) Pulse

(C) Tea

(D) Mango

92. The Biosphere Reserve is getting threatened by:

(A) Population growth

(B) Rainfall

(C) Pollution

(D) All of the above

93. What is called the ‘Terror of Bengal’? [2020A]

(A) Water Hyacinth

(B) Algae

(C) Cuscuta

(D) Paddy

94. Why was Water Hyacinth brought to India? [2026]

(A) For high yield

(B) For beautiful flowers

(C) For food

(D) None of these

95. Saprotrophs obtain food from: [2026]

(A) Living plants

(B) Living animals

(C) Dead and decaying organic matter

(D) None of these

Topic 4: Environmental Issues

96. The factor for Acid Rain is: [2019A]

(A) $CO$ and $CO_2$

(B) $NO_2$ and $SO_2$

(C) $CO_2$ and $NO_2$

(D) $N_2$ and $NO_2$

97. What is the pH value of Acid Rain? [2023A]

(A) 7

(B) 6

(C) Less than 5.6

(D) 8

98. The thickness of the ozone column is measured in: [2023A]

(A) Dobson Unit (DU)

(B) Arab unit

(C) Pascal unit

(D) Centimeter

99. Ozone layer protects us from which type of rays? [2022A]

(A) Infra-red rays

(B) Cosmic rays

(C) Ultraviolet (UV) rays

(D) X-rays

100. The main cause of ‘hole’ in the ozone layer is: [2019A]

(A) Carbon monoxide

(B) Chlorofluorocarbons ($CFCs$)

(C) Methane

(D) Dust particles

101. Which disease is caused due to depletion of the Ozone layer? [2026]

(A) Lung cancer

(B) Skin cancer

(C) Mouth cancer

(D) None of these

102. Where was the largest Ozone Hole found? [2026]

(A) Over India

(B) Over Europe

(C) Over Antarctica

(D) Over Africa

103. In which part of the atmosphere is the Ozone layer found? [2026]

(A) Troposphere

(B) Stratosphere

(C) Mesosphere

(D) Thermosphere

104. Concentration of Ozone in the atmosphere is measured by: [2026]

(A) Hertz

(B) Decibel

(C) Dobson Unit

(D) Pascal

105. ‘Montreal Protocol’ is related to: [2021A]

(A) Ozone depletion

(B) Greenhouse effect

(C) Water pollution

(D) Soil erosion

106. Green House gases are: [2021A]

(A) $CH_4$ (Methane)

(B) $CO_2$ (Carbon dioxide)

(C) $CFCs$

(D) All of these

107. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas? [2020A]

(A) $CH_4$

(B) $CO_2$

(C) $N_2$

(D) $CFC$

108. ‘Kyoto Protocol’ is related to: [2026]

(A) Ozone layer conservation

(B) Greenhouse Effect

(C) Water conservation

(D) Wildlife conservation

109. What is NOT found in Photochemical Smog? [2020A]

(A) $PANS$

(B) Sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$)

(C) Ozone ($O_3$)

(D) Nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$)

110. The process of nutrient enrichment in water bodies is called: [2023A]

(A) Biomagnification

(B) Eutrophication

(C) Succession

(D) None of these

111. What is the unit of measurement for Noise Pollution? [2021A]

(A) Nanometer

(B) Decibel (dB)

(C) Fathom

(D) Hertz

112. Sardar Sarovar Dam is built on which river?

(A) Jhelum

(B) Narmada

(C) Tapti

(D) Vyas

113. The main reason for the increase in $CO_2$ in the atmosphere is: [2026]

(A) Burning of fossil fuels

(B) Deforestation

(C) Both (A) and (B)

(D) None of these

114. The main factor of water pollution is: [2026]

(A) Smoke

(B) Industrial waste

(C) Ammonia

(D) Hydrogen

115. When was the ‘Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act’ implemented? [2026]

(A) 1981

(B) 1986

(C) 1972

(D) 1991

116. In which year was the ‘Environment Protection Act’ passed? [2026]

(A) 1986

(B) 1992

(C) 1981

(D) 1974

117. What is the percentage of Nitrogen in the atmosphere? [2026]

(A) 21%

(B) 78%

(C) 0.03%

(D) 0.9%

118. Which of the following is a Non-biodegradable pollutant? [2026]

(A) Paper

(B) Cotton cloth

(C) DDT

(D) Wood

119. When is World Ozone Day celebrated? [2026]

(A) 5 June

(B) 16 September

(C) 22 April

(D) 7 April

120. When is World Water Day celebrated? [2026]

(A) 22 March

(B) 5 June

(C) 22 April

(D) 16 September

121. World Health Day is celebrated every year on: [2022A]

(A) 7 March

(B) 7 April

(C) 7 May

(D) 7 July

122. When is World Environment Day celebrated? [2023A]

(A) 5 June

(B) 20 December

(C) 15 March

(D) 7 July

123. In which state did the Chipko Movement start? [2018A]

(A) Uttarakhand

(B) Jharkhand

(C) Bihar

(D) Madhya Pradesh

124. Who started the Chipko Movement? [2026]

(A) Sunderlal Bahuguna

(B) M. S. Swaminathan

(C) P. Maheshwari

(D) Ramdev Mishra

125. Which of the following gases is most harmful to the Ozone layer? [2026]

(A) $CH_4$

(B) $CFC$

(C) $CO_2$

(D) $N_2$

Topic 5: Miscellaneous Important MCQs

126. Kaziranga National Park is in: [2020A]

(A) Kerala

(B) Karnataka

(C) Bengal

(D) Assam

127. Jim Corbett National Park is situated in:

(A) Uttarakhand

(B) U.P.

(C) Haryana

(D) M.P.

128. Sundarban National Park is located in: [2020A]

(A) Odisha

(B) Bihar

(C) West Bengal

(D) Assam

129. What is the number of Biodiversity Hotspots in the world? [2018A]

(A) 25

(B) 9

(C) 34

(D) None of these

130. Gir Sanctuary is famous for: [2016A]

(A) Tigers

(B) Lions

(C) Elephants

(D) Birds

131. The pyramid of ‘Biomass’ in a pond ecosystem is: [2022A]

(A) Upright

(B) Inverted

(C) Horizontal

(D) None of these

132. Ozone layer protects us from: [2022A]

(A) Infra-red rays

(B) Cosmic rays

(C) UV rays

(D) X-rays

133. Threatened species listed in ‘Red Data Book’ are: [2022A]

(A) Vulnerable

(B) Endangered

(C) Critically endangered

(D) All of these

134. Which of the following is an endangered species? [2023A]

(A) Nepenthes

(B) Tecoma

(C) Ixora

(D) (B) and (C) both

135. Where is ‘Kanha National Park’ located? [2024A]

(A) Uttar Pradesh

(B) Rajasthan

(C) Gujarat

(D) Madhya Pradesh

136. Gir National Park is known for:

(A) Deer

(B) Lion

(C) Cheetah

(D) Bird

137. Sardar Sarovar dam is built on:

(A) Jhelum

(B) Narmada

(C) Tapti

(D) Vyas

138. National Bird of India is:

(A) Pavo cristatus

(B) Flamingo

(C) Columba livia

(D) Psittacula

139. Wildlife is conserved by:

(A) In-situ

(B) Ex-situ

(C) Both A and B

(D) Selective hunting

140. How many biogeographical zones does India have?

(A) 10

(B) 13

(C) 4

(D) 5

141. Ghana Bird Sanctuary is in:

(A) Uttar Pradesh

(B) Rajasthan

(C) Haryana

(D) Bihar

142. Dudhwa National Park is located in:

(A) Lakhimpur Kheri

(B) Mathura

(C) Nainital

(D) Kashi

143. Red Data Book is declared by:

(A) IUCN

(B) CITES

(C) WWF

(D) IBWL

144. Concentration of ozone in the atmosphere is measured by: [2026]

(A) Hertz

(B) Decibel

(C) Dobson unit

(D) Pascal

145. World Ozone Day is celebrated on: [2026]

(A) 5 June

(B) 16 September

(C) 22 April

(D) 7 April