Class-12 Biology Ch-5 Principles of Inheritance and Variation MCQs Exam 2027

Topic 1: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

1. 1. What is the phenotypic ratio of a Dihybrid Cross? [2011A]

      (A) 1 : 2 : 1

      (B) 3 : 1

      (C) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1

      (D) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1

   2. Different forms of a gene are called: [2022A]

      (A) Complementary genes

      (B) Allele

      (C) Supplementary genes

      (D) Heterozygote

   3. What is the chromosomal constitution of Klinefelter’s Syndrome? [2021A]

      (A) 44 + XO

      (B) 44 + XXY

      (C) 44 + XYY

      (D) 44 + XXX

4. Who proposed the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance? [2024A]

   (A) Mendel

   (B) Sutton and Boveri

   (C) Morgan

   (D) Henking

5. Mendel formulated— [2021A]

   (A) Law of Linkage

   (B) Laws of Inheritance

   (C) Both (A) and (B)

   (D) None of these

6. Which amino acid is substituted at the sixth position of the beta-globin chain in Sickle Cell Anemia? [2023A]

   (A) Glutamic acid by Valine

   (B) Valine by Glutamic acid

   (C) Alanine by Glycine

   (D) None of these

7. ZZ/ZW type of sex determination is found in? [2020A]

   (A) Platypus

   (B) Snail

   (C) Cockroach

   (D) Peacock

8. A couple has two daughters. The probability of the third child being a daughter is— [2020A]

   (A) 100%

   (B) 50%

   (C) 25%

   (D) 12.5%

9. ABO blood grouping in humans is an example of?

   (A) Polygenic inheritance

   (B) Multifactor inheritance

   (C) Pleiotropic gene

   (D) Multiple alleles

10. Mendel’s ‘Law of Independent Assortment’ is based on which cross? [2020A]

    (A) Monohybrid cross

    (B) Dihybrid cross

    (C) Test cross

    (D) Back cross

11. What is the unit of inheritance? [2021A]

    (A) Genotype

    (B) Phenotype

    (C) Gene

    (D) None of these

12. The number of Bar-bodies present in Turner’s Syndrome is—

    (A) 0

    (B) 1

    (C) 2

    (D) 8

13. In Antirrhinum, a cross between true-breeding red flowers and true-breeding white flowers resulted in pink flowers in $F_1$ generation. This is an example of? [2024A]

    (A) Dominance

    (B) Co-dominance

    (C) Incomplete dominance

    (D) Blending of characters

14. What are more than two alternative forms of a gene called? [2017A]

    (A) Polygenic inheritance

    (B) Co-dominance

    (C) Multiple alleles

    (D) Complete dominance

15. Genetic disorder caused by Trisomy of chromosome number 21 is— [2018A]

    (A) Klinefelter’s Syndrome

    (B) Turner’s Syndrome

    (C) Down’s Syndrome

    (D) Thalassemia

16. Total number of chromosomes in Turner’s Syndrome is? [2021A]

    (A) 44

    (B) 45

    (C) 46

    (D) 47

17. An exception to Mendel’s laws is—

    (A) Dominance

    (B) Purity of gametes

    (C) Linkage

    (D) Independent assortment

18. An example of a quantitative trait in humans is: [2022A]

    (A) Hair color

    (B) Skin color

    (C) Nose shape

    (D) Eye color

19. Sickle cell anemia is what type of disease? [2019A]

    (A) Sex-linked disease

    (B) Autosomal linked disease

    (C) Deficiency disease

    (D) Metabolic disease

20. What type of disease is Hemophilia? [2013A]

    (A) X-linked recessive disorder

    (B) Y-linked disorder

    (C) Autosomal dominant disorder

    (D) Infectious disease

21. Total number of genotypes in the $F_2$ generation of a Dihybrid cross is? [2019A]

    (A) 4

    (B) 9

    (C) 12

    (D) 16

22. What is the Dihybrid Test Cross ratio? [2023A]

    (A) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1

    (B) 7 : 1 : 1 : 7

    (C) 1 : 1

    (D) 1 : 7 : 7 : 1

23. What is considered the physical basis of heredity? [2012A]

    (A) Gene

    (B) Chromosome

    (C) DNA

    (D) Nucleus

24. The phenomenon where one gene pair masks the effect of another gene pair is called? [2016A]

    (A) Dominance

    (B) Co-dominance

    (C) Epistasis

    (D) Complementary gene

25. Which plant did Mendel select for his experiments? [2010A]

    (A) Sweet pea

    (B) Wild pea

    (C) Garden pea

    (D) Gram

26. In Color blindness, the patient cannot distinguish between which colors? [2015A]

    (A) Red and Blue

    (B) Red and Green

    (C) Yellow and Green

    (D) All colors

27. The Law of Segregation is also known as? [2012A]

    (A) Law of Dominance

    (B) Law of Purity of Gametes

    (C) Law of Independent Assortment

    (D) Law of Acquired Characters

28. What is the main cause of ‘Erythroblastosis fetalis’ in humans? [2016A]

    (A) $Rh^+$ mother and $Rh^-$ fetus

    (B) $Rh^-$ mother and $Rh^+$ fetus

    (C) Both mother and fetus $Rh^-$

    (D) Both mother and fetus $Rh^+$

29. Cause of Down’s Syndrome is: [2014A]

    (A) Trisomy of 21st pair of chromosomes

    (B) Trisomy of 18th pair of chromosomes

    (C) Deletion of chromosomes

    (D) An extra X-chromosome

30. Who rediscovered the results of Mendel’s experiments? [2014A]

    (A) de Vries, Correns, and Tschermak

    (B) Watson and Crick

    (C) Sutton and Boveri

    (D) Morgan and Bridges

31. What is the sex chromosome pair in a male human? [2011A]

    (A) XX

    (B) YY

    (C) XY

    (D) None of these

32. When the $F_1$ generation is crossed with any one of the parents, it is called: [2018A]

    (A) Test Cross

    (B) Back Cross

    (C) Reciprocal Cross

    (D) Monohybrid Cross

33. If the haploid chromosome number in an organism is 10, its Tetrasomic number will be—

    (A) 40

    (B) 14

    (C) 22

    (D) 44

34. A cross between $F_1$ hybrid and the dominant parent is called—

    (A) Test cross

    (B) Out cross

    (C) Back cross

    (D) Reverse cross

35. Mongolism is a genetic disorder resulting from which extra chromosome?

    (A) 20

    (B) 21

    (C) 17

    (D) 23

36. A normal-vision woman, whose father was colorblind, marries a normal-vision man. What is the probability of colorblindness in her son? [2018A]

    (A) 25% colorblind son

    (B) 50% colorblind son

    (C) 50% colorblind daughter

    (D) All sons normal

37. Sickle cell anemia exhibits— [2018A]

    (A) Epistasis

    (B) Co-dominance

    (C) Pleiotropy

    (D) Incomplete dominance

38. The ultimate source of variation is—

    (A) Mitosis

    (B) Meiosis

    (C) Fertilization

    (D) Mutation

39. For an ‘O’ blood group infant, which blood group will not be present in the parents?

    (A) A and B

    (B) A and A

    (C) O and O

    (D) AB and O

40. Inheritance of skin color in humans is an example of: [2015A]

    (A) Multiple alleles

    (B) Polygenic inheritance

    (C) Incomplete dominance

    (D) None of these

41. What is the cellular basis of the Law of Independent Assortment? [2024A]

    (A) Non-blending of alleles

    (B) Separation of alleles during gamete formation

    (C) Alleles being dominant or recessive

    (D) Independent alignment of chromosome pairs in Metaphase I

42. Percentage of ‘ab’ gametes produced by AaBb parent is?

    (A) 25%

    (B) 50%

    (C) 75%

    (D) 12.5%

43. Which of the following is not a chromosomal disorder? [2024A]

    (A) Down’s Syndrome

    (B) Klinefelter’s Syndrome

    (C) Turner’s Syndrome

    (D) Hemophilia

44. What is the genotypic ratio of a Monohybrid Cross? [2018A]

    (A) 3 : 1

    (B) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1

    (C) 1 : 2 : 1

    (D) 1 : 1

45. Genes present at the same locus but showing different expressions are called?

    (A) Multiple alleles

    (B) Polygenes

    (C) Oncogenes

    (D) Co-dominant

46. What is the common test for the genotype of a hybrid?

    (A) Sexual behavior of $F_1$

    (B) Crossing $F_1$ with recessive parent

    (C) Crossing $F_2$ with male gamete

    (D) Crossing $F_2$ with female gamete

47. In Mendel’s experiments, when pure tall pea plants were crossed with pure dwarf ones, all plants in $F_1$ were? [2017A]

    (A) All dwarf

    (B) All tall

    (C) 50% tall, 50% dwarf

    (D) Medium height

48. A child has blood group ‘O’ and his father has group ‘B’. What is the father’s genotype? [2018A]

    (A) $I^O I^O$

    (B) $I^B I^O$

    (C) $I^B I^B$

    (D) $I^A I^A$

49. Who is the Father of Genetics?

    (A) Mendel

    (B) Morgan

    (C) Lamarck

    (D) Weismann

50. The ‘X’ chromosome is? [2022A]

    (A) Acrocentric

    (B) Metacentric

    (C) Telocentric

    (D) Sub-metacentric

51. When an organism has two identical alleles, it is called? [2019A]

    (A) Heterozygous

    (B) Homozygous

    (C) Dominant

    (D) Recessive

52. Crossing Over occurs in which cell division? [2016A]

    (A) Mitosis

    (B) Meiosis

    (C) Both (A) and (B)

    (D) None of these

53. Number of characters studied by Mendel in pea plant was—

    (A) 5

    (B) 7

    (C) 6

    (D) 4

54. What does ‘ABO’ blood grouping in humans show? [2020A]

    (A) Incomplete dominance

    (B) Multiple alleles

    (C) Co-dominance

    (D) Both (B) and (C)

55. Which trait was not selected by Mendel in pea plants? [2018A]

    (A) Pod shape

    (B) Pod color

    (C) Stem length

    (D) Leaf shape

56. Sex Determination in humans is done by? [2015A]

    (A) Mother’s chromosomes

    (B) Father’s chromosomes

    (C) Environment

    (D) Food

57. Phenotypic ratio of $F_2$ in case of incomplete dominance is? [2019A]

    (A) 3:1

    (B) 2:2

    (C) 1:2:1

    (D) None of these

58. Segregation of genes occurs during?

    (A) Metaphase

    (B) Anaphase

    (C) Prophase

    (D) Embryo formation

59. Which of the following is not a genetic disease? [2023A]

    (A) Cystic fibrosis

    (B) Hemophilia

    (C) Cretinism

    (D) Thalassemia

60. Disease caused by autosomal primary non-disjunction is: [2023A]

    (A) Sickle cell anemia

    (B) Klinefelter’s Syndrome

    (C) Turner’s Syndrome

    (D) Down’s Syndrome

61. Crossing Over is a feature of which stage? [2023A]

    (A) Leptotene

    (B) Zygotene

    (C) Pachytene

    (D) Diakinesis

62. Autopolyploidy can be artificially induced by: [2023A]

    (A) Colchicine

    (B) Chloroform

    (C) Colchiciline

    (D) Chloroquine

63. Variations are revealed during meiosis due to: [2023A]

    (A) Crossing over

    (B) Independent assortment

    (C) Linkage

    (D) Both (A) and (B)

64. Which statement is false? [2024A]

    (A) Factors determine traits

    (B) Factors are discrete

    (C) Factors occur in pairs in pea

    (D) Alleles blend with each other

65. Human chromosomes with highest and lowest gene counts are? [2018A]

    (A) Chromosome 21 and Y

    (B) Chromosome 1 and X

    (C) Chromosome 1 and Y

    (D) Chromosome X and Y

66. Drosophila is an example of ‘XO’ type sex determination where males have—

    (A) One ‘X’ chromosome

    (B) Absent ‘Y’ chromosome

    (C) Two ‘X’ chromosomes

    (D) ‘X’ chromosome absent

67. A person with AB blood group has genotype $I^A I^B$. This is due to:—

    (A) Pleiotropy

    (B) Co-dominance

    (C) Segregation

    (D) Incomplete dominance

68. Number of different gametes obtained from genotype AaBbCc is—

    (A) 2

    (B) 4

    (C) 8

    (D) 16

69. How many types of gametes are possible from AaBBCC genotype?

    (A) One

    (B) Two

    (C) Four

    (D) Eight

70. Trisomy is represented by?

    (A) $(2n – 1)$

    (B) $(2n – 2)$

    (C) $(2n + 2)$

    (D) $(2n + 1)$

71. How many chromosomes are in Turner’s Syndrome? [2022A]

    (A) 45

    (B) 46

    (C) 47

    (D) 44

72. In Color blindness, the patient cannot identify—

    (A) Red and Yellow

    (B) Red and Green

    (C) Blue and Green

    (D) None of these

73. In a male grasshopper, the sex complement will be—

    (A) XY

    (B) XX

    (C) XO

    (D) YO

74. Father is colorblind and mother is a carrier. Probability of a child being colorblind is?

    (A) 25%

    (B) 50%

    (C) 100%

    (D) 75%

75. Mechanism where one gene controls multiple phenotypes is—

    (A) Epistasis

    (B) Pleiotropism

    (C) Co-dominance

    (D) Multiple allelism

76. How many types of gametes can be formed by genotype AaBBCc DD?

    (A) 4

    (B) 3

    (C) 16

    (D) 64

77. Klinefelter’s Syndrome is characterized by?

    (A) XYY

    (B) XO

    (C) XXX

    (D) XXY

78. A female with Turner’s Syndrome has?

    (A) Small uterus

    (B) Rudimentary ovaries

    (C) Underdeveloped breasts

    (D) All of these

79. What is the phenotypic ratio of a Monohybrid cross in $F_2$?

    (A) 3:1

    (B) 1:2:1

    (C) 9:3:3:1

    (D) 2:1

80. Which of the following is NOT an example of a recessive autosomal disease?

    (A) Hemophilia

    (B) Cystic fibrosis

    (C) Phenylketonuria

    (D) Sickle cell anemia

81. In human AB blood group—

    (A) Antibodies are present

    (B) Antibodies are absent

    (C) Antibody ‘a’ is present

    (D) Antibody ‘b’ is present

82. Who first studied Polygenic inheritance in tobacco-like plants?

    (A) Davenport

    (B) Nilsson-Ehle

    (C) Kolreuter

    (D) Galton

83. In a complementary gene, the 9:3:3:1 ratio is modified into?

    (A) 9:7

    (B) 12:3:1

    (C) 15:1

    (D) 13:3

84. Distance between genes is measured by?

    (A) Angstrom

    (B) Map unit

    (C) Dobson unit

    (D) Millimeter

85. Which of the following is a Test Cross?

    (A) $TT \times TT$

    (B) $Tt \times Tt$

    (C) $Tt \times tt$

    (D) $TT \times tt$

86. A lady has two daughters. Probability of the next child being a daughter is? [2018A]

    (A) 10%

    (B) 50%

    (C) 90%

    (D) 100%

87. In incomplete dominance, the ratio of monohybrid $F_2$ is—

    (A) 1:1:1:1

    (B) 1:2:1

    (C) 3:1

    (D) 2:1:2

88. If monohybrid ratio is 3:1 in tall/dwarf pea, what is the genotype?

    (A) $Tt \times Tt$

    (B) $Tt \times tt$

    (C) $TT \times tt$

    (D) $Tt \times tt$

89. Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment is significant for—

    (A) Monohybrid cross

    (B) Dihybrid cross

    (C) Hybrid but monohybrid

    (D) Both Dihybrid and Monohybrid

90. How many types of gametes will AA Bb cc produce?

    (A) Two

    (B) Three

    (C) Four

    (D) Eight

91. Genotype of A blood group father and O group child will be:—

    (A) $I^A I^A$

    (B) $I^B I^B$

    (C) $I^A I^O$

    (D) $I^O I^O$

92. Recessive trait in Garden pea is—

    (A) Tall stem

    (B) Colored flower

    (C) Wrinkled seed

    (D) Inflated Pod

93. Which cross results in phenotypically similar offspring?

    (A) $Dd \times Dd$

    (B) $Dd \times dd$

    (C) $DD \times Dd$

    (D) $Ww \times Ww$

94. Selfing of a tall plant results in both tall and dwarf plants. Possibilities for the $F_1$?

    (A) Tall

    (B) Dwarf

    (C) Both Tall and Dwarf

    (D) Insufficient data

95. The haploid set of total genes in a gamete is called—

    (A) Genotype

    (B) Phenotype

    (C) Genome

    (D) Linkage group

96. Number of Autosomes in a female liver cell is—

    (A) 22

    (B) 22 pairs

    (C) 23

    (D) 23 pairs

97. A person with A blood group has—

    (A) Antigen A, Antibody a

    (B) Antigen B, Antibody b

    (C) Antigen A, Antibody b

    (D) Antigen A, Antibody absent

98. Blood group found in humans and apes but not in monkeys?

    (A) A and O

    (B) A and B

    (C) AB and O

    (D) B and AB

99. Antiserum used in blood testing contains—

    (A) Antibodies

    (B) Antigens

    (C) Leukocytes

    (D) None

100. If mother is ‘O’ and infant is ‘O’, the father could be?

     (A) O

     (B) A

     (C) B

     (D) AB

101. Family has 5 daughters. Probability of 6th child being a son is—

     (A) 1 in 2

     (B) 1 in 5

     (C) 1 in 3

     (D) 1 in 6

102. If both parents are AB, child’s blood group can be?

     (A) Only AB

     (B) A, B and AB

     (C) A, B, AB and O

     (D) Only A and B

103. Which of the following is a pure hybrid?

     (A) Rrtt

     (B) TTrr

     (C) Tt Rr

     (D) TT RR

104. Which of these is a dominant trait?

     (A) Color blindness

     (B) Night blindness

     (C) $Rh^+$

     (D) Albinism

105. Offspring of two pure individuals differing in one set of traits are called—

     (A) Monohybrid

     (B) Mutant

     (C) Polyploid

     (D) Variant

106. Segregation of genes occurs during—

     (A) Embryo formation

     (B) Anaphase I

     (C) Anaphase II

     (D) Metaphase II

107. Cross between offspring and recessive parent is—

     (A) Monohybrid

     (B) Back cross

     (C) Test cross

     (D) Reciprocal cross

108. Mendel’s Law of Segregation is based on which $F_2$ ratio?

     (A) 1:2

     (B) 9:3:3:1

     (C) 1:2:1

     (D) 3:1

109. What is the genotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross?

     (A) 3:1

     (B) 1:1

     (C) 1:2:1

     (D) 2:1

110. Law of Dominance states that in $F_1$:

     (A) Dominant trait appears

     (B) Recessive trait appears

     (C) Both appear

     (D) None appears

111. If a person’s blood group is AB, his genotype is? [2026]

     (A) $I^A I^A$

     (B) $I^B i$

     (C) $i i$

     (D) $I^A I^B$

112. How many types of gametes will AaBbCc plant form? [2026]

     (A) Two

     (B) Four

     (C) Eight

     (D) Sixteen

113. Which of the following is NOT a chromosomal disorder? [2026]

     (A) Klinefelter’s Syndrome

     (B) Turner’s Syndrome

     (C) Down’s Syndrome

     (D) Hemophilia

114. In which animal does sex determination depend on chromosome sets? [2026]

     (A) Birds

     (B) Honeybees

     (C) Grasshoppers

     (D) Mammals

115. Which law is based on Monohybrid cross? [2026]

     (A) Law of Dominance

     (B) Law of Segregation

     (C) Law of Independent Assortment

     (D) Both (A) and (B)

116. What are Alleles? [2015A]

     (A) Alternative forms of genes

     (B) Homologous chromosomes

     (C) Complementary genes

     (D) None of these

117. Phenotypic ratio of monohybrid cross is? [2012A]

     (A) 1:2:1

     (B) 3:1

     (C) 9:3:3:1

     (D) 1:1

118. Crossing $F_1$ with any parent is called? [2022A]

     (A) Back Cross

     (B) Test Cross

     (C) Monohybrid Cross

     (D) Dihybrid Cross

119. Percentage of Recombinant progeny in a Dihybrid cross is? [2024A]

     (A) 100%

     (B) 50%

     (C) 37.5%

     (D) 12.5%

Topic 2: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

120. 120. How many codons are in the Genetic Code? [2020A]

          (A) 4

          (B) 16

          (C) 32

          (D) 64

     121. In Sickle cell anemia, which triplet codes for Valine?

          (A) GGG

          (B) AAG

          (C) GAA

          (D) GUG

     122. Which enzyme allows lactose into the bacterial cell? [2026]

          (A) Beta galactosidase

          (B) Permease

          (C) Transacetylase

          (D) Lactase

     123. Who stated that Purines equal Pyrimidines in dsDNA? [2026]

          (A) Miescher

          (B) Watson and Crick

          (C) Wilkins

          (D) Chargaff

     124. What did Hershey and Chase conclude? [2026]

          (A) Protein enters bacteria

          (B) DNA enters bacteria

          (C) RNA enters bacteria

          (D) Transforming principle

     125. Process of removing introns and joining exons is? [2026]

          (A) Splicing

          (B) Tailing

          (C) Capping

          (D) Transcription

     126. What helps amino acids read mRNA codes during translation? [2026]

          (A) rRNA

          (B) tRNA

          (C) DNA

          (D) Enzymes

     127. DNA replication direction is? [2026]

          (A) 3′ to 5′

          (B) 5′ to 3′

          (C) Both directions

          (D) Any direction

     128. Most resistant organic material is? [2026]

          (A) Pectin

          (B) Cellulose

          (C) Sporopollenin

          (D) Chitin

     129. The DNA double helix pillar is made of: [2026]

          (A) Sugar-Phosphate

          (B) Sugar-Base

          (C) Base-Phosphate

          (D) Sugar-Phosphate-Base

     130. A typical nucleosome is composed of: [2026]

          (A) 200 bp of DNA

          (B) Histone octamer

          (C) Both (A) and (B)

          (D) Acidic protein

     131. Which statement is incorrect about genetic code? [2026]

          (A) Codon is triplet

          (B) Unambiguous and specific

          (C) Degenerate

          (D) All 64 code for amino acids

     132. In Sickle cell anemia, glutamic acid is replaced by Valine due to which codon? [2021A]

          (A) GGG

          (B) GUG

          (C) GAA

          (D) GAG

     133. Gene expression is controlled by? [2023A]

          (A) RNAi

          (B) Antisense RNA

          (C) Both (A) and (B)

          (D) None

     134. Which of these is a ‘Stop Codon’? [2021A]

          (A) UAG

          (B) UAA

          (C) UGA

          (D) All of these

     135. The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is?

          (A) Replication

          (B) Transcription

          (C) Translation

          (D) Splicing

136. The enzyme used in DNA replication is?

     (A) DNA Polymerase

     (B) RNA Polymerase

     (C) Ligase

     (D) Helicase

137. Which bond joins two nitrogenous bases in DNA?

     (A) Peptide bond

     (B) Phosphodiester bond

     (C) Hydrogen bond

     (D) Glycosidic bond

138. Satellite DNA is useful in?

     (A) Organ transplantation

     (B) Sex determination

     (C) Forensic science

     (D) Genetic engineering

139. In Lac Operon, the repressor protein binds to?

     (A) Promoter

     (B) Operator

     (C) Structural gene

     (D) Inducer

140. DNA fingerprinting was developed by?

     (A) Alec Jeffreys

     (B) Watson and Crick

     (C) Khorana

     (D) Nirenberg

141. Uridine is present only in?

     (A) DNA

     (B) RNA

     (C) Both

     (D) Protein

142. The leading strand during DNA replication is?

     (A) Continuous

     (B) Discontinuous

     (C) Both

     (D) Random

143. Okazaki fragments are joined by?

     (A) Polymerase

     (B) Primase

     (C) Ligase

     (D) Nuclease

144. Number of hydrogen bonds between Guanine and Cytosine is?

     (A) 1

     (B) 2

     (C) 3

     (D) 4

145. Central Dogma of molecular biology was proposed by?

     (A) Crick

     (B) Watson

     (C) Mendel

     (D) Morgan

Topic 3: Evolution

146. 146. Fossils are found in which rocks? [2026]

          (A) Sedimentary rock

          (B) Metamorphic rock

          (C) Igneous rock

          (D) All of these

     147. Homologous organs example: [2026]

          (A) Octopus and human eye

          (B) Sweet potato and potato

          (C) Penguin and dolphin flippers

          (D) Heart of reptiles and mammals

     148. Which was more like an ape? [2026]

          (A) Dryopithecus

          (B) Ramapithecus

          (C) Homo erectus

          (D) Australopithecus

     149. Gases used by Miller: [2026]

          (A) $CH_4, NH_3, H_2, H_2O$

          (B) $O_2, CO_2, N_2, H_2$

          (C) $CH_4, O_2, N_2$

          (D) None

     150. Study of fossils is called?

          (A) Ethology

          (B) Paleontology

          (C) Ecology

          (D) Ornithology

     151. Theory of Natural Selection was given by?

          (A) Lamarck

          (B) Darwin

          (C) Weismann

          (D) Hugo de Vries

     152. Wing of butterfly and wing of bird are?

          (A) Homologous

          (B) Analogous

          (C) Vestigial

          (D) Atavistic

     153. ‘Origin of Species’ was written by?

          (A) Oparin

          (B) Haldane

          (C) Darwin

          (D) Lamarck

     154. Vestigial organ in humans is?

          (A) Nictitating membrane

          (B) Vermiform appendix

          (C) Wisdom tooth

          (D) All of these

     155. Evolution according to Hugo de Vries is?

          (A) Gradual

          (B) Saltation

          (C) Continuous

          (D) Directional

     156. First life on earth was?

          (A) Cyanobacteria

          (B) Chemoheterotrophs

          (C) Autotrophs

          (D) Photoautotrophs

     157. Example of adaptive radiation is?

          (A) Darwin’s finches

          (B) Marsupials of Australia

          (C) Both (A) and (B)

          (D) None

158. Industrial melanism is an example of?

     (A) Mutation

     (B) Natural selection

     (C) Genetic drift

     (D) Artificial selection

159. Analogous organs show?

     (A) Convergent evolution

     (B) Divergent evolution

     (C) Parallel evolution

     (D) None

160. Sequence of human evolution is?

     (A) Australopithecus $\rightarrow$ Homo habilis $\rightarrow$ Homo erectus $\rightarrow$ Homo sapiens

     (B) Homo erectus $\rightarrow$ Australopithecus $\rightarrow$ Homo habilis $\rightarrow$ Homo sapiens

     (C) Homo habilis $\rightarrow$ Homo erectus $\rightarrow$ Australopithecus $\rightarrow$ Homo sapiens

     (D) None